Nkul

Slit-log drum surrogate system performed by the Ewondo-speaking people of Cameroon, described by Nekes (1911), Guillemin (1948) and Paul Neeley (1994, 1996, and 1999). The instrument itself (nkul in Ewondo) is a hollowed log with a single slit; when struck with sticks, the two sides of the slit produce higher and lower pitches.

Ewondo is tonal, with H and L tones as well as downstepped H (Neeley 1996:714).

Guillemin, L. (1938). 29. LE TAMBOUR D’APPEL DES EWONDO. In T. A. Sebeok & J. Umiker-Sebeok, Speech Surrogates: Drum and Whistle Systems. 1976. (pp. 574–590). De Gruyter Mouton. https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110804416/10.1515/9783110804416.574.xml Neeley, P. (1999). People of the Drum of God–Come! (Vol. 35). Summer Inst of Linguistics. Neeley, P. (1994). Discourse Peak and Poetic Closure in the Final Stanza of a Talking Drum Performance. The Journal of West African Languages, 24. Neeley, P. (1996). Drummed Transactions: Calling the Church in Cameroon. Anthropological Linguistics, 38, 36. Nekes, P. H. (1976). TROMMELSPRACHE UND FERNRUF BEI DEN JAUNDE UND DUALA IN SÜDKAMERUN. In T. A. Sebeok & D. J. Umiker-Sebeok (Eds.), Speech Surrogates: Drum and Whistle Systems. De Gruyter Mouton. https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110804416/10.1515/9783110804416.289.xml (Original work published 1912)