fiddle, goge

Fiddle system used by the Hausa people of Nigeria discussed in Ames et al. (1971), Erlmann (1982), and Djedje (1984). The instrument itself (goge) is a one-string bowed fiddle. Its surrogate function is associated with the Hausa bòorii traditional religion, in which it is used to play taakee (Hausa musical surrogate phrases) addressing spirits.

Ames, D. W., Gregersen, E. A., & Neugebauer, T. (1971). Taaken Sàmàarii: A Drum Language of Hausa Youth. Africa, 41(1), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/1159675,Djedje, J. C. (1984). Song Type and Performance Style in Hausa and Dagomba Possession (Bori) Music. The Black Perspective in Music, 12(2), 166–182. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/1215020,Erlmann, V. (1982). Trance and Music in the Hausa Bòorii Spirit Possession Cult in Niger. Ethnomusicology, 26(1), 49–58. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/851401